A research team from DGIST’s Division of Energy & Environmental Technology, led by Principal Researcher Kim Jae-hyun, has unveiled a groundbreaking innovation in lithium metal battery technology. The newly developed battery features a “triple-layer solid polymer electrolyte” that dramatically improves safety, efficiency, and durability. This advancement holds transformative potential for electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones, wearable devices, and large-scale energy storage systems.
Overcoming Limitations of Conventional Batteries
Conventional solid polymer electrolyte batteries face critical challenges, primarily due to structural limitations that hinder optimal contact between electrodes. These designs fail to address the formation of dendrites—tree-like lithium structures that develop during repeated charging cycles. Dendrites compromise battery safety by damaging internal connections and increasing the risk of fires and explosions.
To counter these issues, the DGIST team created an innovative triple-layer electrolyte structure. This system incorporates:
- Outer Layers: Soft polymer surfaces ensuring excellent electrode contact, facilitating smooth lithium-ion movement.
- Inner Layer: A rigid middle layer that enhances mechanical strength and structural integrity.
Additionally, the electrolyte integrates advanced materials:
- Decabromodiphenyl Ethane (DBDPE): Prevents combustion and improves fire resistance.
- Zeolite: Strengthens the electrolyte matrix.
- Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI): Enables rapid lithium-ion movement, improving energy transfer efficiency.
Experimental Success and Longevity
In rigorous testing, the triple-layer battery retained approximately 87.9% of its performance after 1,000 charge-discharge cycles. This is a marked improvement over conventional batteries, which typically lose 20–30% of their capacity over the same period. The battery’s ability to self-extinguish in fire scenarios further enhances its safety profile, making it a promising solution for critical applications.
Dr. Kim Jae-hyun remarked, “This research is anticipated to make a significant contribution to the commercialization of lithium metal batteries using solid polymer electrolytes, while providing enhanced stability and efficiency to energy storage devices.”
Versatility Across Applications
The versatility of this battery extends far beyond electric vehicles. Its potential applications include:
- Consumer Electronics: Longer-lasting, safer batteries for smartphones and wearable devices.
- Large-Scale Energy Storage: Reliable solutions for renewable energy storage and grid stabilization.
This innovation could revolutionize multiple industries by addressing key limitations in current battery technologies.
Support and Collaboration
The study, titled Triple-Layered Noncombustible PEO-Based Solid Electrolyte for Highly Safe Lithium-Metal Batteries, was published in the journal Small. It involved contributions from researchers Heesoo Lim, Munseok S. Chae, Hasan Jamal, Firoz Khan, Injun Jeon, Jongmin Kim, and Jae Hyun Kim. The research received support from the Future Materials Discovery Project led by Professor Lee Jung-ho of Hanyang University and the Mid-Career Researcher Program funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea.
Challenges and the Path Forward
Despite its groundbreaking potential, the triple-layer solid polymer electrolyte battery is not yet ready for mass production. The high costs and scalability challenges of manufacturing remain significant hurdles. However, this innovation represents a critical step toward achieving safer, more efficient, and durable batteries.
As researchers continue to refine the technology, the commercialization of these batteries could redefine energy storage solutions, paving the way for a more sustainable and secure future.
Source: Wiley
